1. 4 Concept of Grid Computing. Consider the two statements. What Is Grid Computing In Hindi | Grid Computing Introduction | Cloud Computing Tutorial In Hindi Hi, I am Rahul Gupta, Welcome to My Youtube Channel, Digita. Middleware. A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another. This process is defined as the transparency of the system. From these system-level commands we may build a higher level library of more user-friendly shell commands, which may in turn be programmed through scripts. I would like to ask what is the difference between grid computing and distributed computing? Do anyone has the overall architecture of them? cloud; Share. Grid computing, on the other hand, has distributed computing and distributed pervasive systems. I tend to. The size of a grid may vary from small aTo address these problems, we are developing GridOS, a set of operating system services that facilitate grid computing. Cloud computing is a Client-server computing architecture. One other variant of distributed computing is found in distributed pervasive systems. Aggregated processing power. Built on top of Charm++, a mature runtime system used in High-performance Computing, capable of scaling applications to supercomputers. Berikut ini adalah komponen-komponen jaringan komputasi grid. It introduces allocating suitable resources to workflow tasks so that the. Grid computing is a kind of distributed computing whereby a "super and virtual computer" is built of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers, working in concert to perform large tasks. In grid computing architecture, every computer in network turning into a powerful supercomputer that access to enormous processing power,memory and data storage capacity. A hybrid cloud approach that combines your on-premises infrastructure with public cloud resources lets you scale up as needed, reducing the risk of lost opportunities. Adding virtual appliances into the picture allows for extremely rapid provisioning of grid nodes and. The key distinction between distributed computing and grid computing is mainly the way resources are managed. [2]. – Users & apps should be able to access remote. ”. Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing-based systems. Computers of Cluster Computing are dedicated to a single task and they cannot be used to perform any other task. Having JS on the client and PHP-server code which makes up together a system is already called a distributed system by some people. This article highlights the key comparisons between these two computing systems. IBM Spectrum LSF (LSF, originally Platform Load Sharing Facility) is a workload management platform, job scheduler, for distributed high performance computing (HPC) by IBM. As against, the cloud users have to pay as they use. Cloud computing is about delivering an on demand environment using transparency, monitoring, and security. Timely acquiring resource status information is of great importance in ensuring overall performance of grid computing. It is Brother of Cloud Computing and Sister of Supercomputer. A grid computing network . Cloud ComputingIntroduction to Grid computing & WorkingIntroduction to Grid Computing. This continuing technological development is leading the increase importance of the distributed computing paradigms and the apparition of new ones. In Grid computing, grids are owned and managed by the organization. 1. Generally referred to as nodes, these components can be hardware devices (e. You may consider grid computing to be the meeting point of two key organizational systems: cloud computing. (2) A parallel processing architecture in which CPU resources are shared across a network, and all machines function as one large supercomputer. Grid computing is a collection of distributed computing resources (memory, processing and communications technology) available over a network that appears, to an end user, as one large virtual computing system. Web search. MPI provides parallel hardware vendors with a clearly defined base set of routines that can be efficiently implemented. 5. This section deals with the various models of computing provision that are important to the. Proceeding of the 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Grid Computing. Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. , a spin-off company of the University,. Distributed computing divides a single task between multiple computers. The components of a distributed system interact with one. His research interests are in grid computing, distributed systems, and genetic algorithm. applications to be a single computer system is said. Microsoft defines Cloud Computing as "cloud computing is the delivery of computing services-servers,storage, databases, networking, software,analytics, intelligence and more- over the Internet. This refers to the utility pricing or metered billing where users do not have to pay as they release the. In grid computing, a network of computers collaborates to complete a task that would. Simply stated, distributed computing is computing over distributed autonomous computers that communicate only over a network (Figure 9. Misalnya, komputasi. A computer in the distributed system is a node while a collection of nodes. (the cloud) to offer faster innovation, flexible resource and economies of scale. It sits in the middle of system and manages or supports the different components of a distributed system. 02. Distributed System - Definition. It has Distributed Resource. Grid computing is distinguished from conventional. Grids are made up of processors, sensors, data-storage systems, applications and other IT resources, all these are shared across the network. A distributed system is a collection of computer programs that utilize computational resources across multiple, separate computation nodes to achieve a common, shared goal. Distributed computing comprises of multiple software components that belong to multiple computers. At runtime, it dynamically allows for sharing, selection, and aggregation of. It can also be seen as a form of Parallel Computing where instead of many CPU cores on a single machine, it contains multiple cores spread across various locations. This virtual super computer has to perform tasks that are large for any single computer to perform within a reasonable time. ; Offering online computation or storage as a metered commercial service, known as utility computing, "computing on demand", or "cloud computing". INTRODUCTION A distributed computing system is defined as a collection of independent computers that appear to their users as a single. I. Grid is a type of distributed computing system where a large number of small loosely coupled computers are brought. Introduction to Grid Computing Definition in brief History and Evaluation Classification and Architecture Real-time application Advantage Disadvantage Conclusion References ; 3. Grid computing is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time Grid computing appears to be a promising trend for three reasons: (1) Its ability to make more cost-effective use of a given amount of computer resources, (2) As a way to solve problems that can't be approached without an enormous. To improve the function, a grid computing solution was proposed to construct a distributed monitoring and control system. A distributed system can be an arrangement of different configurations, such as mainframes, computers, workstations, and minicomputers. 1. The core goal of parallel computing is to speedup computations by executing independent computational tasks concurrently (“in parallel”) on multiple units in a processor, on multiple processors in a computer, or on multiple networked computers which may be even spread across large geographical scales (distributed and grid. Dalam komputasi grid, jaringan komputer bekerja sama untuk melakukan tugas yang sama. Grid Computing. Additionally, it uses many computers in different locations. 2. 1. VII. Processing power, memory and data storage are. Remya Mohanan IT Specialist. Grid computing can be defined as a type of parallel and distributed system that enables sharing, selection, and aggregation of geographically distributed autonomous resources. This really comes down to a particular TLA in use to describe grid: High Performance Computing or HPC. client/server computing. Editor's Notes The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. Distributed Systems 1. Thus, they all work as a single entity. Distributed or grid computing is a sort of parallel processing that uses entire devices (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supply, network connectivity, and so on) linked to a network connection (private or public) via a traditional network connection, like Ethernet, for. Instead of introducing new concepts. The resource management and scheduling systems for grid computing need to manage resources and application execution depending on either resource consumers’ or owners’ requirements, and continuously adapt to changes in resource availability. Holds the flexibility to allocate workload as small data portions and which is called grid computing. Each new distributed system paradigm—of which modern prominence include cloud computing, Fog computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT)—allows for. Cloud computing refers to accessing, configuring and manipulating the resources (such as software and hardware) at a remote location (Patidar et al. Here all the computer systems are linked together and the. Figure 1 shows a typical arrangement of computers in a Computing Cluster. Distributed. Parallel computing takes place on a single computer. Cloud computing is all about renting computing services. Through the cloud, you can assemble and use vast computer grids for specific time periods and purposes, paying, if necessary, only for what you. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is the distributed file system used for distributed computing via the Hadoop framework. On the other hand, distributed computing allows for scalability, resource sharing, and the efficient completion of computation tasks. It is a distributed system with non-interactive workloads including a large number of files. The hardware being used is secondary to the method here. Grid, cloud, distributed and cluster computing. Through the cloud, you can assemble and use vast computer grids for specific time periods and purposes, paying, if necessary, only for what you. Grid computing is a processor architecture that combines computer resources from various domains to reach a main objective. Fig -1: Grid Computing It is a form of distributed computing that containsABSTRACT. Cloud is not HPC, although now it can certainly support some HPC workloads, née Amazon’s EC2 HPC offering. In a distributed system, each device or system has its own processing capabilities and may also store and manage its own data. The grid is an infrastructure that bonds and unifies globally remote and diverse resources in order to provide computing support for a wide range of applications. Conclusion. The workshop was held in conjunction with EuroPVM/MPI-2004, Budapest, Hungary September 19-22, 2004. A network of computers utilizes grid computing to solve complex problems. The size of big data increases at a pace that is faster than the increase in the big data processing capacity of clusters. INTRODUCTION Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. Holds the flexibility to allocate workload as small data portions and which is called grid computing. The computers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. Every node is autonomous, and anyone can opt out anytime. Abstract. A good example is the internet — the world’s largest distributed system. 3. A client-server system is the most common type of distributed system. Distributed computing is a much broader technology that has been around for more than three decades now. These. ; The creation of a "virtual. While grid computing is a decentralized executive. What is grid computing? Grid computing is a group of networked computers that work together as a virtual supercomputer to perform large tasks, such as analyzing huge sets of data or weather modeling. An Overview of Distributed Computing | Hazelcast. What is the easiest way to parallelize my C# program across multiple PCs. The key distinction between distributed computing and grid computing is mainly the way resources are managed: Distributed computing uses a centralized resource manager and all nodes cooperatively work together as a single unified resource or a system while Grid computing utilizes a structure where each node has its own. All computers work together to achieve a common goal. Similarly. Parallel computing takes place on a single computer. Grid operates as a decentralized management system. However, as you pointed out, you don't need to use micro servers for a distributed system. Two of the most popular paradigms today are distributed computing and edge computing. 1 What is High Performance Computing?. It has Distributed Resource Management. One of the main differences between grid computing and cloud computing is the prices required. In this configuration, computer nodes are sparsely distributed. A local computer cluster which is like a "grid" because it is composed of multiple nodes. 1) With diagram explain the general architecture of DSM systems. It allows unused CPU capacity in all participating. Addressing increasingly complex problems and building corresponding systems. grid computing. Inherent distribution of applications:- Some applications are inherently distributed. Distributed and Parallel Systems: Cluster and Grid Computing is the proceedings of the fourth Austrian-Hungarian Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Systems organized jointly by. Grid computing differs from traditional high-performance computing systems such as cluster computing in that each node is dedicated to a certain job or application. Pros: Finish larger projects in a shorter amount of time. Grid computing is a phrase in distributed computing which can have several meanings:. Grid computing is also known as distributed computing. January 12, 2022. resources. Peer-to-peer networks also influence grid systems, but because this is also a new technology, reliability has been less extensively researched [26]. Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. The resource management and scheduling systems for grid computing need to manage resources and application execution depending on either resource consumers’ or owners’ requirements, and continuously adapt to changes in resource availability. At its most basic level, grid computing is a computer network in which each computer's resources are shared with every other computer in the system. Tools for distributed computing on an axis from low-level primitives to high-level abstractions. Distributed computing is a model in which software system components are shared across different computers. over internet. 28–29 September, Barcelona, Spain, 56-63 Google Scholar; 3. Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing-based systems. distributed computing and data resources such as processing, network bandwidth and storage capacity to create a single system image, granting users and applications seamless access to vast information technology (IT) capabilities. This idea first came in the 1950s. Speed:- A distributed system may have more total computing power than a mainframe. virtualization te. Embedded Systems: A computing. I also discuss the critical role that standards must play in defining the Grid. In this bonus video, I discuss distributed computing, distributed software systems, and related concepts. pdf), Text File (. This article highlights the key. There are four main types of distributed systems: client-server, peer-to-peer, grid, and cloud. For example, a web search engine is a distributed computing system. To overcome this problem, MDP (Markov Decision Process) is introduced where. The Architecture View. Explanation: Grid Computing refers to the Distributed Computing,. Each project seeks to utilize the computing power of. Kesselman, J. A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a computer network. A Distributed Operating System refers to a model in which applications run on multiple interconnected computers, offering enhanced communication and integration capabilities compared to a. The data is shared by the grid to all users. Ray takes the existing concepts of functions and classes and translates them to the distributed setting as tasks and actors. Cluster computing is a form of distributed computing that is similar to parallel or grid computing, but categorized in a class of its own because of its many advantages, such as high availability, load balancing, and HPC. Grid Computing: 10 Key Comparisons; Big Data Cloud Computing Edge Computing Open Source Share This Article: Join. Grid computing is one of the evolution steps of cloud computing and it still needs some update. These clusters are shared between many users or virtual organizations (VOs) [3] and a local policy is applied to each cluster that. Download Now. In grid computing, the computers on the network can work on a task together, thus functioning as a supercomputer. The grid computing is also called “distributed computing”. A data grid can be considered to be a large data store and data is stored on the grid by all websites. Through the cloud, you can assemble and use vast computer grids for specific time periods and purposes, paying, if necessary, only for what you. Cluster computing provides solutions to solve difficult problems by providing faster computational speed, and enhanced data integrity. In making cloud computing what it is today, five technologies played a vital role. Answer. The set of all the connections involved is sometimes called the "cloud. The term grid computing was first used in 1997 by Carl Kesselman to describe the computing resources that were available at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. J. Here are some of the critical characteristics of grid computing: Distributed Resources: It relies on a network of geographically dispersed computing resources connected via high-speed internet connections. Distributed System MCQ 2018 - Free download as PDF File (. This means that computers with different performance levels and equipment can be integrated into the network. In a distributed system, each device or system has its own processing capabilities and may also store and manage its own data. Fast, efficient, and scalable distributed map/reduce system, DAG execution, in memory or on disk, written in pure Go, runs standalone or distributedly. Of particular interest for effective grid, computing is a software provisioning mechanism. Distributed systems are more scalable, economic ,resource sharing ,reliable, modular . There are four requirements in the design of a distributed system. Grid computing vs. There is a lot of disagreement over differences between distributed and grid computing. Grid computing is a computing infrastructure wherein computers in different geographical locations are connected together to work on common tasks. Because grid computing systems (described below) can easily handle embarrassingly parallel problems, modern clusters are typically designed to handle more difficult problems—problems that require nodes to share intermediate results with each other more often. Delivering the keynote address on "The Gridbus Middleware for Utility-Oriented Grid Computing"', Rajkumar Buyya, Director of the Grid Computing and Distributed Systems, University of Melbourne, Australia said that next to the four essential utility grids, grid computing would constitute the fifth utility. 1 100-Mile Overview This paper explores using a distributed object architecture to build an edge service system for an e-commerce application, an online bookstore represented by the TPC-W benchmark. Distributed computing is one way to perform tasks. Distributed and Parallel Systems. A subset of distributed computing, grid computing is the process of using multiple networked computers to perform large tasks. Keywords: cluster computing; grid computing; cloud computing; resource balancing; 1. In contrast, distributed computing takes place on several computers. Contributors investigate parallel and distributed. Distributed computing aims to create collaborative resource sharing and provide size and geographical scalability. The utility computing is basically the grid computing and the cloud computing which is the recent topic of research. Courses. What is grid computing? Grid computing is a group of networked computers that work together as a virtual supercomputer to perform large tasks, such as analyzing huge sets of data or weather modeling. Distributed Computing : Distributed computing is defined as a type of computing where multiple computer systems work on a single problem. Cloud computing is all about renting computing services. Computers of Grid Computing can leverage the unused computing resources to do other tasks. 22. Grid computing is a sub-area of distributed computing, which is a generic term for digital infrastructures consisting of autonomous computers linked in a computer network. This API choice allows serial applications to. The core goal of parallel computing is to speedup computations by executing independent computational tasks concurrently (“in parallel”) on multiple units in a processor, on multiple processors in a computer, or on multiple networked computers which may be even. A. forms of distributed computing, notably grid and cloud computing, the applications that they enable, and their potential impact on future standardization. 3 Communication models. DAPSYS 2008, the 7 th International Conference on Distributed and Parallel Systems was held in September 2008 in Hungary. Cloud Services are “consumer and business products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet” while Cloud Computing is “an emerging IT development, deployment and. The Top 70 Distributed Systems MCQs with answers pdf download is a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their knowledge and skills in this field. Platform. Grid computing is a distributed computing paradigm that allows for the sharing and coordinated use of geographically dispersed resources to solve complex computational problems. Many papers have been published recently to address the problem of resource allocation in Grid computing environments. Cloud computing. Grid computing is defined as a distributed architecture of multiple computers connected by networks that work together to accomplish a joint task. This work aims at building a distributed system for grid resource monitoring and prediction. Grid computing is a based on distributed architecture and is the form of “distributed computing” or “peer-to-peer computing”that involving large numbers of computers physically connected to solve a complex problem. Grid computing is a type of distributed computing system that provides access to various computational resources which are shared by different organizations, in order to create an integrated. 12 System Models of Collective Resources and Computation Resource Provision. A grid is a distributed computing architecture that connects a network of computers to form an on-demand robust network. 1. 1. Distributed analytics service that makes big data easy. These help in deploying resources publicly, privately, or both. Cluster computing involves using multiple. For example, distributed computing can encrypt large volumes of data; solve physics and chemical equations. DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING. Hazelcast named in the Gartner ® Market Guide for Event Stream Processing. B. David P. We can think the grid is a distributed system connected to a. Distributed computing refers to solve a problem over distributed autonomous computers and they communicate between them over a network. He has worked on several projects, including the LHC Computing Grid, the Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications (DEISA), GridCanada, and NIH. Distributed computing refers to a system where processing and data storage is distributed across multiple devices or systems, rather than being handled by a single central device. , Murshed, M. It makes. What is Grid Computing? Computational Grid is a collection of distributed, possibly heterogeneous resources which can be used as an ensemble to execute large-scale applications. Volunteer computing. E. The term grid computing describes a distributed computing platform which integrates distributed computing resources such as CPUs and data to support computationally-intensive and/or data intensive scientific tasks. Client/Server Systems: Client-Server System is the most basic communication method where the client sends input to the server and the server replies to the client with an output. A grid computing in cloud computing is a kind of parallel and distributed system that makes it possible to share, pick, and aggregate resources that are dispersed over "many" administrative domains based on their (resources') availability, capacity, performance, cost, and users' quality-of-service requirements. driven task scheduling for heterogeneous systems. Grids offer a way of using the information technology resources optimally inside an organization. Sep 27, 2015 • 14 likes • 48,826 views. The computers interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. 1. The methodologies for engineering complex systems have been evolving toward: 1. It started its journey with parallel computing after it advanced to distributed computing and further to grid computing. However, they differ within demand, architecture, and scope. The algorithm proposed in [13], a migrating server node (MSN) returns light weighted node whenever required. We can think the grid is a distributed system connected to a. Charm4py - General-purpose parallel/distributed computing framework for the productive development of fast, parallel and scalable applications. Follow. Grid computing, a descendant of the cloud and big brother to distributed computing. GDC and CA bring together researchers from. 2. Cloud computing has become another buzzword after Web 2. With the introduction of Grid computing, multiple tasks can be completed by computers jointly connected over a network. established Grid Computing paradigm, and other relevant technologies such as utility computing, cluster computing, and distributed systems in general. Tools for distributed computing on an axis from low-level primitives to high-level abstractions. Send distributed computing and grid computing combine who power of multiple computers and run them as adenine sole system. With the right user interface, accessing a grid computing system would look no different than accessing a local machine's. Distributed Computing Systems. Distributed computing refers to a computing system where software components are shared among a group of networked computers. Volunteer computing is a type of distributed computing in which people donate their computers' unused resources to a research-oriented project, [1] and sometimes in exchange. Another emerging area likely to influence grid computing6 Grid Computing Genealogy Early Grid Technologies – Distributed Job Manager; DJM Network Queuing System: NQS – University Research projects Mature Commercial Products – Sun Grid Engine (Sun, formerly Codine/GRD). Jan 11, 2022 by GIGABYTE. HDFS. The workshop was held in conjunction with EuroPVM/MPI-2004, Budapest, Hungary September 19-22, 2004. This subgroup consists of distributed systems that are often constructed as a federation of computer systems, where each system may fall under a different administrative domain, and may be very different when it comes to hardware, software, and deployed network. Science. 1. 2 Basics of Cloud Computing. Developing a distributed system as a grid. In fact different computing paradigms have existed before the cloud computing paradigm. The term grid computing was first used in 1997 by Carl Kesselman to describe the computing resources that were available at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. (B) In a distributed operating system, the user can access remote resources either by logging into the appropriate remote machine or transferring data from the remote machine to their. ; The creation of a "virtual. Concurrency: Practice and. HPC and grid are commonly used interchangeably. Splitting. Grid computing is derived from the cloud and is closely related to distributed computing. One other variant of distributed computing is found in distributed pervasive systems. The vision of Grid computing is to develop a platform which gathers geographically distributed resources (such as computational power, data, and equipment) into one very powerful and easy to use system. A Advantages of Grid ComputingGrid computing. , an ATM-banking application. Here are some of the main differences between grid computing and cloud computing: Architecture : Grid computing is a decentralized architecture that uses a network of computers to work together to solve a. 1. Distributed System MCQ 2018 Developed by Dr PL Pradhan, IT Dept, TGPCET, NAGPUR, Subject Teacher of Distributed System The Distributed System developed by Dr Pradhan P L which will be helpful to GATE-UPSC-NET Exam for B. If you have idle servers or computers in your system, a grid computing set-up can put them to work, by providing them a share of a project. IDC Footnote 1 defined two specific aspects of Clouds: Cloud Services and Cloud Computing. Grid computing leverage the computing power of several devices to provide high performance. Distributed computing refers to a system where processing and data storage is distributed across multiple devices or systems, rather than being handled by a single central device. These systems. 0, service orientation, and utility computing. Distributed systems have continued to evolve in response to various scientic, tech-In the development of the grid computing approach, the end user will be ubiquitously offered any of the services of a "grid" or a network of computer systems located in a Local Area Network(LAN. Payment System. Orange shows a. Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. We categorize large-scale, distributed computational systems into two groups: grid computing and global computing systems. Advantages. In this type of system, there is a central server that stores all the data and provides access to that data for the clients. The vision of Grid computing is to develop a platform which gathers geographically distributed resources (such as computational power, data, and equipment) into one very powerful and easy to use system. Despite the separation, the grid practically treats them as a single entity. IBM develops the Grid middleware based on J2EE. A distributed system is made up of different configurations with mainframes, personal computers, workstations, and minicomputers. Grid computing uses systems like distributed computing, distributed information, and distributed. To some, grid computing is just one type of distributed computing. Also known as distributed computing or distributed databases, it relies on separate nodes to communicate and synchronize over a common network. It transforms a computer network into a potent single computer that has ample resources to handle difficult problems. You can put all your services on one machine. 2. (As it is a school project, I'll probably execute programs like Prime finder and Pi calculator on it). Grid computing is a distributed computing system formed by a network of independent computers in multiple locations. The grid computing model is a special kind of cost-effective distributed computing. The use of multiple computers linked by a communications network for processing is called: supercomputing. This paper strives to compare and contrast Cloud Computing with Grid Computing from various angles and give insights into the essential characteristics of both. Grid computing is a form of parallel computing. There are several significant features and characteristics of grid computing they are as follows. These are running in centrally controlled data centers. Grid computing leverage the computing power of several devices to provide high performance. Recently, there has been a surge in interest surrounding the field of distributed edge computing resource scheduling. Computers of Cluster computing are co-located and are connected by high speed network bus cables. Grid computing is a system for connecting a large number of computer nodes into a distributed architecture that delivers the compute resources necessary to solve complex problems. Fig. It basically makes use of a. The demand for a large-scale distributed system, such as a smart grid, which includes real-time interconnection, is rapidly increasing. From the leading minds in the field, Distributed and Cloud Computing is the first modern, up-to-date distributed systems textbook. Grid computing is becoming more and more attractive for coordinating large-scale heterogeneous resource sharing and problem solving. In cloud computing, cloud servers are owned by infrastructure providers. Abstract. The computer network is usually hardware-independent. Introduction Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to achieve common goal. distributed processing. Utility Computing, as name suggests, is a type of computing that provide services and computing resources to customers. To analyze, design, and implement problem-solving solutions for complex systems, we need effective computing paradigms. 2. (D) Network Accessibility, Quality of hardware (QoH), Caching and replication, Dependability issues. Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing. The Journal of Grid Computing explores an emerging technology that enables large-scale resource sharing problem solving within distributed, loosely coordinated groups sometimes termed "virtual organizations".